Requirement 3 (A)
Requirement
Learn what Particulate Matter (PM) is, how PM gets into the air, what the harmful effects of PM are, and what is being done to reduce PM in the air. Then, perform an experiment to test for particulates that contribute to air pollution.
Particulate Matter
Particulate matter is a mixture of tiny solid particles and liquid droplets in the air, such as dust, smoke, and soot. Large particles are visible, like smoke from a campfire; small particles are invisible. These particles can be so small that they can be breathed deep into the lungs and may affect human health.
Understanding Particulate Matter
Ways To Reduce Particulate Matter In The Air
Prevent PM at the Source
Electric vehicles
Cleaner fuels
Public transportation
Emission standards and laws
Renewable energy (solar, wind)
Remove PM From the Air
Power plant scrubbers
Diesel particulate filters
Street sweeping
Tree planting
Industrial air filters
Reduce Exposure to PM
Air filters
Staying indoors on bad air days
Masks during high-PM days
School or activity schedule changes
Air quality alerts and advisories for sensitive groups
Suggested Activity: Particulate Matter Observation
Suggested Activity: Particulate Matter Observation
Use this procedure to fulfill this requirement.
Use the template as inspiration for how you will record your observations once you are on site.
Procedure
1. Prepare Collectors:
Draw a grid with 1-inch squares on two white index cards or paper plates. Label them. Spread a thin layer of petroleum jelly on one side of each.
2. Placement:
a.Choose a week when the weather forecast is mild.
b. Place one in an urban area (near a busy road) and one in a nonurban area (a field or forest) or one indoors and one outdoors.
c. Place them at the same height to control for any height difference in particulate.
d. Choose locations that allow air to flow freely, yet protect them (e.g., under an overhang).
e. Fasten them securely with tape or staples.
3. Wait:
Leave the collectors for one week to gather airborne particles.
4. Analyze:
Use a magnifying glass to inspect the debris. Count particles in four squares to find the average per square inch. Note the color and shape (jagged, round, fibrous, etc.) of the particles.
Use the template to record your observations. Report to your counselor what you learned about how particulate matter contributes to air pollution in urban and rural or indoor/outdoor environments.
Template
Template
Use the field note template as inspiration for your own field note pages design.
Safety Reminder
Safety Reminder
Be aware of traffic and other hazards in the environment. Wash your hands after handling materials. Follow Leave No Trace and local rules when placing or removing materials.
Now that you have learned about Particulate Matter (PM),
let’s explore how transportation can affect air pollution.
